TÜKETÍMDE TOPLUMSAL CÍNSÍYET: KÜRESEL BÍR SALGIN (COVID-19) SONRASI YAŞANAN DEĞÍŞÍMLER

Genellikle insanlar doğumdan itibaren toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine maruz kalarak ilerleyen yaşantılarında bu roller doğrultusunda tüketim tercihlerini ve kararlarını belirlemeye çalışmaktadır. Toplumdan topluma değişen skonusu bu roller, kişilerin vereceği tüketim kararlarında etkili bir pozisyonda yer almasını sağlayabilir. Ancak daha önce yapılmış çalışmalar, küresel bir şokun tüketimler üzerinde bireylerin benzer tüketim tercihlerinde bulunulduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 salgını ile birlikte toplumun cinsiyetlere yüklediği rollere ait tüketim kalıplarının genç yetişkinler üzerindeki değişiminin ne şekilde yaşandığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma tekniklerinden derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Íktisadi ve Ídari Bilimler Fakültesi bünyesinde yer alan bölümlerdeki (işletme, iktisat, kamu yönetimi, siyaset bilimleri ve uluslararası ilişkiler) 40 öğrenci ile bu görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak küresel salgınla birlikte toplumsal cinsiyet algısına aykırı satın alımlar gerçekleştiren katılımcıların son derece az oluşu hatta genç yetişkinlerin büyük çoğunluğunun toplumsal cinsiyete bağlı tüketim yapmadıkları ve buna karşı oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır.Alternate :People are often exposed to gender roles from birth to determine consumption preferences and decisions in line with these roles in their future lives. These roles, which have changed from society to society, can enable people to take an effective position in the decisions of consumption. However, previous studies have shown that individuals have similar consumption preferences on the consumption of a global shock.In this context, the aim of the study is to demonstrate the way that the consumption patterns of the roles that society has put into the gender, along with the Covid-19 epidemic, have changed on young adults. In-depth interview technique from qualitative research techniques was used as a method of research. These meetings were held with 40 students in the departments of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (business, economics, public administration, political sciences and international relations) of Muğla Sitki Kocman University within the scope of the study. As a result, participants who have made procurement against the perception of gender with the global outbreak have been extremely low, and even the majority of young adults have shown that they do not consume and oppose gender-dependent consumption.

Stronger than partisanship and motivated reasoning: news exposure and news frames predicting US state-level preventive behaviours against COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a partisan issue rather than an independent public health issue in the US. This study examined the behavioural consequences of motivated reasoning and framing by investigating the impacts of COVID-19 news exposure and news frames, as apparent through a Latent Dirichlet topic modelling analysis of local news coverage, on state-level preventive behaviours as understood through a nationally representative survey. Findings suggested that the media effects on various preventive behaviours differed. The overall exposure rate to all COVID-19 news articles increased mask-wearing but did not significantly impact other preventive behaviours. Four news frames significantly increased avoiding contact or avoiding public or crowded places. However, news articles discussing anxiety and stay at home order triggered resistance and countereffects and led to risky behaviours. ‘Solid Republican' state residents were less likely to avoid contact, avoid public or crowded places, and wear masks. However, partisan leanings did not interfere with the impact of differing local COVID-19 news frames on reported preventive behaviours. Plus, statements regarding pre-existing trust in Trump did not correlate with reported preventive behaviour. Attention to effect sizes revealed that news exposure and news frames could have a bigger impact on health behaviours than motivated reasoning.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA

The tremendous growth of tourism in Albania in recent decades, made important the understanding of the role that digital marketing and mobile technology is playing in this field. Tourism in Albania is one of the most important economic sectors of the country, and is growing year after year. It is emphasized that digitalization is a new form of communication between producers and consumers of tourism services, becoming a source of competitive advantages for tourism organizations. The main goal of the study is to give us a clear overview of the use of the Internet, information technologies and digital marketing in Albania. For the realization of this study, we used a methodology that combines primary data with secondary ones. The research was conducted through questionnaires that were sent to Albanian travel agencies via email. The questionnaire contains 17 questions, and was sent to 150 travel agencies, of which 102 agencies responded. Regarding the study, digital marketing plays an important role in improving the image of Albanian tourism throughout the world. It has created facilities in the way of doing marketing and reducing the costs of businesses. Through digital marketing, travel agencies have managed to promote our country online, personalize services and, above all, be closer to customers. The research found that the most effective digital marketing tools used by the agencies are Instagram and Facebook.

Exploring Challenges Experienced by Teachers in Implementing Inclusive Education in Classrooms: A South African Perspective

The implementation of inclusive education in schools in South Africa has not been fully achieved despite the existence of numerous policies on the same. However, there is very scanty information on current issues that are faced by teachers during the pandemic. Therefore, the present study sought to examine challenges experienced by teachers in implementing inclusive education in classrooms within a South African context. In this study, Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory was adopted. The phenomenological research design was adopted for this study. The selected sample size in this study was eight participants obtained using purposive sampling method. In this study, semi-structured interview was used as the data collection tool. Thematic framework was adopted to analyse data in this study. The study reported that there were four main themes on classroom challenges faced by teachers namely, limited instructional time, inadequate resources, inadequate support and lastly, impact of COVID-19 pandemic. The study recommends that teachers should adopt collaborative practices with school base support teams which had the capacity to mobilise several resources available on the local community to enhance implementation of inclusive education.

Emotional risk work during the pandemic: Healthcare professionals' perceptions from a COVID-19 ward

In March 2020, COVID-19 wards were established in hospitals in Denmark. Healthcare professionals from a variety of specialities and wards were transferred to these new wards to care for patients admitted with severe COVID-19 infections. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a COVID-19 ward at a hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, including focus group interviews with nursing staff, we intended to explore practices in a COVID-19 ward by seeking insight into the relation between the work carried out and the professionals' ways of talking about it. We used a performative approach of studying how the institutional ways of handling pandemic risk work comes into being and relates to the health professionals' emerging responses. The empirical analysis pointed at emotional responses by the nursing staff providing COVID-19 care as central. To explore these emotional responses we draw on the work of Mary Douglas and Deborah Lupton's concept of the ‘emotion-risk-assemblage'. Our analysis provides insight into how emotions are contextually produced and linked to institutional risk understandings. We show that work in the COVID-19 ward was based on an institutional order that was disrupted during the pandemic, producing significant emotions of insecurity. Although these emotions are structurally produced, they are simultaneously internalised as feelings of incompetence and shame.

University–Industry Linkages in Agriculture: The Case of Palestine

The usual crisis mode of economic operations in Palestine intersects with the adverse consequences of COVID-19 and necessitates an innovative response to survive. This research builds on potential synergies between industry and university to expand the Palestinian agriculture sector resilience. We report on an explorative study that sought to understand the reality of the university–industry linkages (UILs) by considering information and experience gathered from 29 interviews in January 2020 and April 2021. Interviewees represent five key actor groups: farmers and agribusinesses, private institutions, universities, the Ministry of Agriculture, and NGOs. Content analysis revealed a nascent collaboration scope and uncovered the lack of a confident attitude among farmers towards agriculture research efforts, the poor communication performance, and misalignment of purpose. University actors need to encompass the UILs in their mission and touch farmers' needs by providing novelty evidence research. Yet, farmers and agribusinesses may take the initiative to communicate their problems and search for renovation. We developed a framework of underpinnings to enhance collaboration and a healthier agriculture sector. We suggest activating the cooperatives and diversifying farmers' income as deemed more resilient to face the pandemic.

An Empirical Study of the Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance the Case Study of Educational Non-Governmental Organizations During the Covid-19 Outbreak

The Third-sector organizations, known as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) working on had an essential role in improving education, building human capital, sustainable development, humanitarian aid, and raising entrepreneurs, especially in the areas of political conflict and increased poverty. This research aims to analyze the effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance in three selected Educational and human aid NGOs in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is claimed to be novel to study the concepts in businesses on NGOs. The author used a self-administered questionnaire with included two validated measures and demographic items. The data has been collected from 83 respondents working as employees in the NGOs selected. The author used Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and linear regression to justify the hypothesis developed. The results show a strong positive relationship between EI and job performance. The EI positively and significantly affects Job Performance and there is no difference between the genders of the study in terms of Emotional Intelligence and Job performance. The study recommends educational and human aid NGOs consider EI as an important factor in increasing the performance of their employees, and this research is to be a foundation for further research to understand the application of management concepts of Businesses in the context of NGOs.

Cutting through the noise during crisis by enhancing the relevance of research to policymakers

Background:It is widely recognised that policymakers use research deemed relevant, yet little is understood about ways to enhance perceived relevance of research evidence. Observing policymakers' access of research online provides a pragmatic way to investigate predictors of relevance.Aims and objectives:This study investigates a range of relevance indicators including committee assignments, public statements, issue prevalence, or the policymaker's name or district.Methods:In a series of four rapid-cycle randomised control trials (RCTs), the present work systematically explores science communication strategies by studying indicators of perceived relevance. State legislators, state staffers, and federal staffers were emailed fact sheets on issues of COVID (Trial 1, N = 3403), exploitation (Trial 2, N = 6846), police violence (Trial 3, N = 3488), and domestic violence (Trial 4, N = 3888).Findings:Across these trials, personalising the subject line to the legislator's name or district and targeting recipients based on committee assignment consistently improved engagement. Mentions of subject matter in public statements was inconsistently associated, and state-level prevalence of the issue was largely not associated with email engagement behaviour.Discussion and conclusions:Together, these results indicate a benefit of targeting legislators based on committee assignments and of personalising the subject line with legislator information. This work further operationalises practical indicators of personal relevance and demonstrates a novel method of how to test science communication strategies among policymakers. Building enduring capacity for testing science communication will improve tactics to cut through the noise during times of political crisis.

Europa y Japón: socios con valores comunes en un mundo incierto

En un escenario internacional cada vez más incierto, en el que todavía no se ha dejado atrás la pandemia de Covid-19, a lo que se suma la necesidad de gestionar la ilegítima invasión rusa de Ucrania, así como unas relaciones entre Estados Unidos y China cada vez más tensas, Europa y Japón han reafirmado sus vínculos históricos, económicos y políticos con dos acuerdos de asociación, uno de carácter económico y otro estratégico, en vigor desde 2019. El continente asiático se ha convertido, además, en el principal eje geopolítico del mundo, y Japón quiere tener un papel relevante en el nuevo escenario al que ha respondido mediante su iniciativa del Free and Open Indo-Pacific, a la que Europa ha respondido con ciertas reservas. ¿Deben Europa y Japón seguir profundizando en su relación? ¿Cuáles son los ámbitos susceptibles de mejora? El marco adecuado debe ser, en nuestra opinión, el "orden internacional basado en normas" del que ambos actores son claros defensores, y los valores comunes de democracia, Estado de Derecho y protección de derechos fundamentales que los unen.Alternate :In an increasingly uncertain international environment, in which we are still trying to put the Covid-19 pandemic behind us while trying to manage the illegitimate Russian invasion of Ukraine as well as the increasingly tense relations between the United States and China, Europe, and Japan have reaffirmed their historical, economic and political ties with two association agreements, one economic and the other strategic, in force since 2019. In addition, the Asian continent has become the geopolitical axis of the world, and Japan wants to play a relevant role through its Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) initiative, to which Europe has responded somewhat hesitantly. Should Europe and Japan continue to deepen their relationship? What are the areas for improvement? The appropriate framework, in our opinion, should be the "rules-based international order" of which the two actors are firm defenders, and the shared values of democracy, rule of law, and protection of fundamental rights that unite them.

Ethical moments and institutional expertise in UK Government COVID-19 pandemic policy responses: where, when and how is ethical advice sought?

Background:The emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic has required a rapid acceleration of policy decision making, and raised a wide range of ethical issues worldwide, ranging from vaccine prioritisation, welfare and public health ‘trade-offs', inequalities in policy impacts, and the legitimacy of scientific expertise.Aims and objectives:This paper explores the legacy of the pandemic for future science-advice-policy relationships by investigating how the UK government's engagement with ethical advice is organised institutionally. We provide an analysis of some key ethical moments in the UK Government response to the pandemic, and institutions and national frameworks which exist to provide ethical advice on policy strategies.Methods:We draw on literature review, documentary analysis of scientific advisory group reports, and a stakeholder workshop with government ethics advisors and researchers in England.Findings:We identify how particular types of ethical advice and expertise are sought to support decision making. Contrary to a prominent assumption in the extensive literature on ‘governing by expertise', ethical decisions in times of crisis are highly contingent.Discussion and conclusions:The paper raises an important set of questions for how best to equip policymakers to navigate decisions about values in situations characterised by knowledge deficits, complexity and uncertainty. We conclude that a clearer pathway is needed between advisory institutions and decision makers to ensure ethically-informed debate.

Dimensión económica y tecnológica del espacio ultraterrestre

El ecosistema espacial mundial está en pleno crecimiento en cuanto al número de protagonistas y a volumen de negocio, tendencia que es imparable. La entrada en escena de actores privados en la exploración de cosmos con el beneplácito de las organizaciones espaciales gubernamentales y la futura explotación de los recursos existentes más allá de la Tierra va a crear un nuevo mercado de dimensiones incalculables. Todo ello está siendo posible gracias a las tecnologías disruptivas que, paso a paso, se van poniendo a punto. De forma paralela, en el ámbito castrense, cada año son más las Fuerzas Armadas en las que se produce la escisión de las estructuras espaciales de sus respectivos ejércitos. O la alternativa, que es la instauración de organizaciones especializadas en el seno de las Fuerzas Aéreas, procesos que también se prolongarán en los próximos años.Alternate :The global space ecosystem is in full growth in terms of the number of players and volume of business, a trend that is unstoppable. The entry on the scene of private actors in the exploration of the cosmos with the approval of government space organizations and the future exploitation of existing resources beyond the Earth will create a new market of incalculable dimensions. All this is being possible thanks to disruptive technologies that, step by step, are being perfected. In parallel, in the military sphere, each year there are more Armed Forces in which the division of the spatial structures of their respective armies is taking place. Or the alternative, which is the establishment of specialized organizations within the Air Force, processes that will also continue in the coming years.

Parental Involvement and Academic Performance of Students in Online Class Learning Modality

Parental involvement has long been an area of research across the world and is consistently found to have a positive effect on students' academic performance. The global spread of COVID-19 pandemic, however, has caused disruptions in education systems worldwide including the Philippines, therefore, online education was implemented. During online distance learning, parents' role in supervising their children's education was reinforced and appeared to be crucial for some parents. The study used a sample of 49 parents of Grade 12 students at Lala National High School for the academic year 2022-2023. Results indicate a high level of parental involvement in terms of parenting, learning at home, decision making and familiarity with school information. The respondents also showed an outstanding performance during the course of the utilization of the online learning modalities. The study therefore concluded a positive correlation between parental involvement and the academic performance of students.

Meeting the challenge of gender inequality through gender transformative research: lessons from research in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

While the global development agenda has prioritized gender equality, many challenges remain, and the COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated inequalities. Gender transformative approaches to social change have the potential to address the underlying causes of inequality. This paper draws insights from studies funded by Canada's International Development Research Centre to understand how integrating gender transformative approaches to research can support social change. The findings suggest that gender transformative research is most successful in supporting change when it analyzes and addresses the multiple causes of inequality, takes an intersectional and structural approach, embeds the research in local contexts, and engages power holders and perpetrators of inequality.Alternate :RÉSUMÉSi les objectifs de développement mondial ont donné la priorité à l'égalité des genres, il y a encore de nombreux défis à relever dans ce domaine et la crise de la COVID-19 a exacerbé les inégalités. Les approches transformatrices du genre nous permettent de faire face aux causes sous-jacentes de ces inégalités. Cet article base son analyse sur des études financées par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international, au Canada, et vise à mieux comprendre comment l'adoption d'approches transformatrices du genre dans le contexte de la recherche peut appuyer le changement social. Nos résultats suggèrent que la recherche se basant sur une approche transformatrice du genre a de meilleurs chances d'inciter des changements sociaux lorsqu'elle analyse et répond aux différentes causes des inégalités, lorsqu'elle adopte une approche intersectionnelle et structurelle, lorsqu'elle intègre la recherche dans des contextes locaux et lorsqu'elle confronte les détenteurs du pouvoir et les responsables des inégalités.

FINANCIAL SECURITIES FOR TOUR OPERATORS IN CASE OF INSOLVENCY RESULTING FROM THE DIRECTIVE 2015/2302 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL WHICH ARE IN FORCE IN POLAND

The insolvency of travel agencies is dealt with in a special way by the EU legislator. European Union law introduces legal solutions for the benefit of consumers insofar as the relevant services are not performed by organizers as a consequence of its insolvency. The current 2015/2302 Directive provides much more comprehensive protection than 90/314/EWG Directive for travelers in the event of insolvency of a tour operator. However, in the past, in the practical functioning of travel agencies, it has repeatedly turned out that the Polish legislation has not been able to guarantee full protection provided for in EU law. This situation has changed. In Poland, since August 1, 2018 the system of security and financial guarantees in the event of insolvency of organizers and traders facilitating linked travel arrangements consists of two pillars. If Pillar I funds are exhausted, the costs of actions taken by the Marshal of the Province related to the repatriation of the customers of an insolvent tour operator will be covered from Pillar II, which is created from contributions to the Tourist Guarantee Fund. Due to the COVID pandemic, another form of security was introduced in Poland from January 1,2021 - Tourist Assistance Fund. The fund is designed to support tourism entrepreneurs in the event of extraordinary circumstances. The aim of the paper is to present the legal regulations in force in Poland in the field of financial security of tour operators in the event of their insolvency and to analyze whether these solutions sufficiently protect the interests of travelers. Conclusions included in the paper justify the statement that the extension of the security system by Pillar II make the full protection possible. The two-pillar solution should be sufficient in case of insolvency of a travel agency and that it fully implements the EU recommendations.

Home sweet home? Arbeits(t)raum Homeoffice: Eine qualitative Untersuchung zum Erleben des mobilen Arbeitens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit

At least since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been much public discussion about the effects of home-based work on employees and whether the increase in home-based work brings new opportunities for gender equity. The present paper ties up to this discourse and asks how working from home is experienced from a gender comparison perspective. The chances and risks of working from home were carved out on the basis of 28 qualitative interviews, which were analyzed by means of Grounded Theory. The key findings of the study are that the same elements of home-based work are perceived as both a burden and a relief, that the experience of home-based work is influenced by both work-related and person-related conditions and that gender inequality in traditional couple relationships with children can be reinforced in home-based work.Alternate :Spätestens seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde öffentlich vielfach diskutiert, welche Auswirkungen die Arbeit im Homeoffice auf die Beschäftigten hat und ob die Zunahme des mobilen Arbeitens neue Chancen für die Geschlechtergerechtigkeit birgt. An diesen Diskurs knüpft die Untersuchung an und widmet sich der Frage, wie das Homeoffice von den Beschäftigten erlebt wird. Auf der Grundlage der Auswertung von 28 qualitativen Interviews mit der Grounded Theory werden die Chancen und Risiken des Homeoffice betrachtet. Die zentralen Ergebnisse der Untersuchung sind, dass dieselben Elemente des Homeoffice sowohl als Belastung als auch als Entlastung wahrgenommen werden, dass das Erleben des Homeoffice von arbeitsbezogenen und von personenbezogenen Bedingungen beeinflusst wird und dass sich die Geschlechterungleichheit in traditionellen Paarbeziehungen mit Kind im Homeoffice verstärken kann.

The Concept of Online Education After the Outbreak of COVID-19 And Its Influence on Education, Families, Students and Educators

COVID-19 has created numerous modifications to human life and altered people's outlooks on life. In this study, the effects of Corona on education, family life, students, and teachers were examined, and the findings were discussed. First, the concept of online education, which has become an integral part of our lives, was emphasized. The transition to online education's challenges and the overall studies on the subject were examined. During the second phase, the positive and negative effects and outcomes of the pandemic on family life were documented. In the final section, the impacts of education on educators and students, the two inseparable components of education, were underlined, and the obstacles encountered in this process, technical challenges, and disparities in education between urban and rural locations were studied.

Grenzen der Virtualisierung?: Zum Wandel von Arbeitskommunikation in ortsungebundener Arbeit

The COVID-19-Pandemic has led to considerably more remote work, a trend that is likely to continue in the future. Based on 23 narration-oriented interviews with university employees, the article examines how the communication of office workers has changed due to an increasing share of collaboration in spatial distance. The article outlines the functionality of (partially) virtualized communication as well as the changes brought about for work-related and informal exchange between employees. The findings point to significant changes in collaborative work practice: both work process related and informal communication are thinned out, resulting in a more individualized practice of working as well as increasing interpersonal distance in virtual work settings.Alternate :Seit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie wird immer mehr Arbeit (zumindest anteilig) ortsungebunden außerhalb des Betriebs verrichtet, eine Tendenz, die aller Voraussicht nach auch in Zukunft bestehen bleiben wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht auf der Grundlage narrationsorientierter Interviews mit Universitätsangehörigen, wie sich die Kommunikation von Bürobeschäftigten durch eine zunehmende räumliche Distanz zwischen diesen gewandelt hat. Der Beitrag skizziert die Funktionalität von (teil)virtualisierter Kommunikation sowie die Veränderungen, die sich für arbeitsbezogenen sowie informellen Austausch zwischen Beschäftigten ergeben. Die Befunde verweisen auf wesentliche Veränderungen der kollaborativen Arbeitspraxis: Sowohl arbeitsprozessbezogene als auch informelle Kommunikation werden ausgedünnt, was im Ergebnis zu einer stärker individualisierten Praxis des Arbeitens sowie einer zunehmenden zwischenmenschlichen Distanz in virtuellen Arbeitssettings führt.

Analysis of stress, attention, interest, and engagement in onsite and online higher education: A neurotechnological study

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo registrar y analizar, mediante el uso de neurotecnología, en un contexto formativo universitario presencial y online, el efecto que tiene en variables relevantes en el proceso de aprendizaje, lo cual supone una innovación en la literatura. En este estudio se ha empleado tecnología de neurociencia para medir el procesamiento cognitivo de los estímulos diseñados para una experiencia académica de una clase de máster universitario. Las neurotecnologías empleadas han sido la respuesta galvánica de la piel (GSR), la electroencefalografía (EEG) y el seguimiento ocular. Tras el análisis de los registros cerebrales, basados en la atención, interés, estrés y conexión emocional (engagement), en un contexto educativo presencial y su análisis comparativo con el seguimiento online, los resultados indicaron que los niveles de intensidad emocional de los alumnos que siguieron la clase de forma presencial son más elevados que aquellos que asistieron de forma online. A su vez, los valores de actividad cerebral positiva (atención, interés y engagement) son superiores en el grupo de asistencia presencial, siendo la variable negativa estrés también superior, pudiendo justificarse debido a que los alumnos conectados online no activaban la cámara. Los registros cerebrales de los alumnos que asisten a distancia muestran menor interés y atención, así como una menor intensidad emocional, por lo que el aprendizaje a distancia (online) es menos efectivo, a efectos de señales cerebrales, que la enseñanza en el aula, para una clase teórica de máster universitario.Alternate :The aim of this work is to register and analyse, using neurotechnology, in onsite onsite and online university educational context, the effect on relevant variables in the learning process. This represents an innovation in the current academic literature in this field. In this study, neuroscience technology has been used to measure the cognitive processing of stimuli designed for an academic experience in a university master's degree class. The neurotechnologies employed were galvanic skin response (GSR), electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking. After the analysis of the brain recordings, based on attention, interest, stress and engagement in an onsite educational context and their comparative analysis with the online monitoring, the results indicated that the levels of emotional intensity of the students who followed the class in person were higher than those who attended online. At the same time, the values of positive brain activity (attention, interest and engagement) were higher in the onsite group, and the negative variable stress was also higher, which could be explained by the fact that the online students did not activate the camera. The brain recordings of students who were distance learning show less interest and attention, as well as less emotional intensity, demonstrating that distance (online) learning is less effective than classroom learning, in terms of brain signals, for a theoretical university master's degree class.

Teachers' Perceptions, Preparations, And Challenges in the Implementation of Limited Face-To-Face Classroom Interaction in the New Normal

Teachers have varied perceptions in the implementation of the limited face-to-face classroom interaction. Being the implementers, teachers go through series of preparations in ensuring its success while adhering to the guidelines imposed by the authorities to safeguard the health of both teachers and students. Varied teaching strategies and coping mechanisms were utilized to cater learners' needs and confront challenges. Challenges will always be part of the teaching-learning process, though teachers went on rigorous preparations in the implementation of the limited face-to-face classroom interaction. However, it does not obstruct teachers' focus to cope with these challenges and to innovate strategies to help students achieve their academic success. It is revealed that teachers' flexibility, optimism, and their commitment to their profession, paired with support from the administration were of great help during the implementation of the limited face-to-face classroom interaction in the new normal.

Das Büro als sozialer Ort: Zusammenarbeit in hybriden Arbeitswelten

Since the Covid 19 pandemic, many office workers have got the option of working hybrid, i.e. alternating between working at home and in the office. As a result, cooperation with colleagues is increasingly being shifted to the virtual world. This may change not only the content of cooperation, but also the social relationships between employees. On the basis of the BAuA working time survey 2019 and 2021, we investigate whether there is a relation between the proportion of working from home and the assessment of collegial cooperation. Here we distinguish between formal, content-related collaboration and informal, personal collaboration. The results show that office workers rate both formal and informal cooperation worse as the proportion of work from home increases. However, formal collaboration in particular is rated better in 2021 than in 2019;experiences during the Covid- 19 pandemic may have led to learning effects in virtual collaboration.Alternate :Viele Bürobeschäftigte haben seit der Covid-19-Pandemie die Möglichkeit, hybrid, also im Wechsel zu Hause und im Büro, zu arbeiten. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen wird dadurch vermehrt ins Virtuelle verlagert. Hierdurch kann sich nicht nur die inhaltliche Zusammenarbeit, sondern können sich auch soziale Beziehungen zwischen Beschäftigten verändern. Auf Basis der BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragung 2019 und 2021 wird untersucht, ob es einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Anteil des Arbeitens von zu Hause und der Bewertung der kollegialen Zusammenarbeit gibt. Hierbei unterscheiden wir zwischen formeller, inhaltlicher Zusammenarbeit und informeller, persönlicher Zusammenarbeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Bürobeschäftigte mit zunehmendem Anteil der Arbeit von zu Hause sowohl die formelle als auch die informelle Zusammenarbeit schlechter bewerten. Dabei wird insbesondere die formelle Zusammenarbeit 2021 jedoch besser bewertet als noch 2019. Erfahrungen während der Covid-19-Pandemie haben hier möglicherweise zu Lerneffekten in der virtuellen Zusammenarbeit geführt.